Who is responsible for investigating misconduct by senators

Should, for example, issues in the Reagan-era Iran-Contra affair have been treated as foreign policy questions for elected officials to debate rather than crimes for prosecutors to investigate?

In the cases of Bill Clinton? For the criminal investigation into whether President Clinton committed perjury during a civil deposition, should civil contempt sanctions as ultimately occurred in the civil case have been the preferred alternative from the outset?

This issue was raised directly by a bipartisan project sponsored by Brookings and the American Enterprise Institute and chaired by former Senate leaders Bob Dole and George Mitchell. The project issued a report recommending procedures for appointment of special counsel by the attorney general, to take effect after the Independent Counsel Act expired.

We believe that too often our political process turns to the criminal justice system to accomplish tasks that are more suitably addressed in other ways. Civil or administrative enforcement of laws that apply to public or campaign officials, or political accountability through congressional or electoral processes, may provide the most fitting responses to many breaches.

This is an opportune moment to pursue that discussion. Because no one now knows who will control the executive branch after the election, broader issues can be discussed without appearing to favor a particular president or party. In this moment of comparative quiet, it is possible to begin, at least, with a basic question about inquiries into the conduct of public officials.

To what ends should those inquiries be conducted? The answer to that question could help determine who should conduct them. One caveat. Although the Constitution assigns some responsibilities exclusively to one or another branch of government, in general our legal and political system resists rigid institutional assignments.

In evaluating where to lodge responsibility for an inquiry, it is better to think of guideposts rather than barriers or mandated sequences.

Our branches of government, in combination with a vigorous press, often interact and pass initiative from one to another. The press may expose a matter sufficiently to stimulate congressional inquiry, which may in turn lead to a criminal investigation. Or a criminal investigation may spur other inquiries. In some situations, more than one institution may have a legitimate avenue to explore. In others, it is worth questioning whether multiple, overlapping inquiries, with their cost in time, resources, and burden on the participants, serve the public good.

E Elaine W. When should the president, aided by inquiries within the executive branch, have principal responsibility for responding to possible official misconduct? Some critics faulted the independent counsel system for diluting the president? The constitutional pedigree of that argument goes back to the Constitutional Convention of , when the framers rejected a proposal to establish a plural executive essentially a committee of three members who would share the executive power.

One area of special presidential responsibility is over the principal officers of government who make up the president? The impeachment of President Andrew Johnson was fought over the power of Congress to use the Tenure of Office Act of to insert the Senate into the process for removing holdover members of Lincoln? The court? In , with the adoption of H. The OCE board of directors comprises six board members and two alternates. Current Members of the House, federal employees, and lobbyists are not eligible to serve on the board.

The OCE was reauthorized at the beginning of the th Congress. The Senate has not established a comparable office. This report describes the evolution of enforcement by Congress of its rules of conduct for the House and Senate and summarizes the disciplinary options available to the House Committee on Ethics and the Senate Select Committee on Ethics.

Congressional authority to discipline Members is found in Article I, Section 5, clause 2 of the Constitution, which provides that "Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with the Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.

Only since the s has each chamber systematically undertaken self-discipline related to conduct. This report examines the creation and evolution of the House and Senate ethics committees and the formalization of the House and Senate ethics processes. It also describes some of the recent changes, implemented or proposed, in congressional enforcement of rules of conduct.

It does not deal with changes to federal or state criminal law or with criminal prosecutions of Members of Congress. Prior to the s, neither the House nor the Senate had a mechanism to consistently exercise disciplinary powers against Members.

When allegations of misconduct were investigated, it was often by an ad hoc or select committee created for that purpose. Historically, Congress did not have a formal ethics process. Prevailing norms of general decency served as the chief determinants of proper legislative conduct. Perceptions of wrongdoing or conflicts of interest by Members of Congress have changed over time.

What might be viewed today as blatant impropriety could have been an accepted norm or simply ignored years ago. Very few colleagues, however, criticized him for being a bank official or for his practice of going from the Senate to the Supreme Court, which was then housed in the Capitol, to argue cases in which he had a legislative or financial interest. According to Dr.

Baker, Webster made no effort to keep his business ties a secret. Not until the s were concerns raised over the lack of specific standards of conduct and requirements for financial disclosure for government officials, 9 and about the potential impact outside income might have on Members' decision making and behavior. His resolution, which was not adopted, was predicated on the idea that Members' behavior should be above suspicion and that the disclosure of income would dispel rumors of impropriety.

In , criticism of congressional investigative procedures began to increase with some commentators claiming that Members were abdicating responsibility for their behavior by relying on voters to "punish" misbehavior. Voters, however, might not possess adequate knowledge of their Member's behavior and were often quick to "forgive" Members disciplined by the chamber in which they served.

The 85 th Congress adopted a general Code of Ethics for Government Service covering officials and employees in the three branches of government. They are, however, not legally binding because the code was adopted by congressional resolution, not by public law.

The existence of a "club spirit" and reliance on unwritten norms of conduct continued in Congress until the s. In , political scientist Robert Getz observed that "the combination of historical precedent, the fear of partisan motivations, and the requirement of functioning in an atmosphere of mutual respect and cooperation has given rise to the view that Congress is not the forum before which the membership should be disciplined.

In the s, investigations of alleged misconduct by Bobby Baker, secretary to the Senate majority, and Representative Adam Clayton Powell drew attention to the lack of specific congressional standards of conduct and a means of enforcing congressional self-discipline. In seeking to be fair to Members, and not to prejudice the consideration of an allegation, the House and Senate ethics committees have operated quietly over the years.

They often have been perceived, however, to be slow or reluctant to investigate and discipline colleagues and have been criticized on the basis of that perception. In the th Congress , the House, for the first time, created the Office of Congressional Ethics, an independent ethics review body. During the 82 nd Congress , Senator J. William Fulbright introduced S. In addition, the subcommittee, chaired by Senator Paul Douglas, recommended government-wide ethics changes including financial disclosure, restrictions on lobbying by former Members of Congress, regulation of campaign costs, restrictions on honoraria, and guidelines for representing constituent concerns before executive agencies.

These senior statesmen would have [had] the right to independently receive complaints and initiate investigations only of those matters directly related to the FBI investigation known as "ABSCAM. The next discussion of a non-congressional ethics entity occurred during the rd Congress , when the Joint Committee on the Organization of Congress held hearings on the congressional ethics process.

Subsequently, the House Members on the committee recommended that "the Committee on Standards of Official Conduct should be authorized to use, on a discretionary basis, a panel of non-Members in ethics cases. During the th Congress , the House Ethics Reform Task Force, co-chaired by Representatives Robert Livingston and Benjamin Cardin, considered the use of "distinguished private citizens" including former Members of the House and judges in the ethics process.

Some witnesses before the task force had suggested the participation of "outsiders" would enhance public trust and confidence and minimize partisanship. Task force members, however, feared that the use of private citizens would interfere with the constitutional responsibility of each House to discipline its Members.

A majority of the task force also believed that incumbent House Members better understand the practices of the House, and that Members accused of misconduct should be judged by their peers. Accordingly, the task force recommended, and the House adopted, a policy of appointing a bipartisan reserve "pool" of House Members to serve on any House Committee on Ethics investigative subcommittees if needed. There was a high level of interest in an independent ethics authority in the th Congress when numerous bills were introduced.

Subsequently, the Senate defeated a similar amendment to a pending gift and lobbying reform measure S. Outside enforcement of conduct or anti-corruption provisions against Members of the House and Senate is potentially complicated by Article I, Section 6, clause 1 of the Constitution, which provides Member protection from prosecution and questioning by outside law enforcement for certain official, legislative conduct. The Constitution states, "for any Speech or Debate in either House, they [Senators and Representatives] shall not be questioned in any other place.

Since the creation of the Committee on Ethics, the House of Representatives has amended the ethics review process to include both internal and external entities. In , the House created the Office of Congressional Ethics OCE to serve as an external review body for ethics complaints against Members, officers, and employees of the House. In the th Congress, the Committee on Ethics is comprised of 10 Members, five from each party.

A substantial part of the committee's work is advisory and is performed by its Office of Advice and Education, which provides information and guidance to House Members, officers, and employees on House rules and standards of conduct applicable to their official capacities. The remaining committee work comprises investigations of Members, officers, and employees of the House and adjudication of cases against Members. Complaints alleging misconduct or House rules violations by House Members or staff can only be filed with the Committee on Ethics by a Member of the House.

Alternately, complaints can be filed by a person who is not a Member, but must be accompanied by written certification by a Member that the information is "submitted in good faith and warrants the review and consideration of the committee.

In September , the House amended the rule to prohibit complaints filed by non-Members. In the th Congress, the Office of Congressional Ethics OCE was established to collect information from non-Members on potential misconduct and House rules violations by Members, officers, and staff. Following receipt of information, the OCE reviews the allegations and transmits relevant "findings" to the Committee on Standards for further scrutiny, when warranted.

If the Committee on Ethics determines that an investigation is necessary, because of a Member complaint, an OCE referral, or direct House action, an ad-hoc investigative subcommittee is formed. Additionally, the Committee on Ethics may also initiate an investigation on its own. If a subcommittee is formed, the subcommittee is either populated by a group of Members, designated by the Speaker and the minority leader at the beginning of each Congress, who do not serve on the Committee on Ethics; by members of the Committee on Ethics; or both.

If the subcommittee finds that a violation of the House rules has occurred and transmits a Statement of Alleged Violations formal charges to the chair and ranking Member of the Committee on Ethics, the committee chair is then required to appoint an ad-hoc adjudicative subcommittee.

The members of the adjudicative subcommittee are those members of the Committee on Ethics who were not members of the investigative subcommittee together with the chair and ranking Member of the committee. The subcommittee judges the evidence in the Statement of Alleged Violations and recommends sanctions, if the subcommittee concludes they are warranted. In November , in her opening remarks of an adjudicatory subcommittee hearing, then-chair of the Committee on Standards, Representative Zoe Lofgren, explained the adjudicatory process.

The role of an Adjudicatory Subcommittee is to determine, at a hearing, whether any count of the Statement of Alleged Violation has been proved by clear and convincing evidence. The purpose of this adjudicatory hearing is to do just that. However, it is important to bear in mind that this proceeding is a hearing, not a trial.

Attorneys from the Committee's non-partisan, professional staff are the moving party in these proceedings. Their role is to make a case for the Statement of Alleged Violation adopted by the Investigative Subcommittee.

At the adjudicatory hearing, the burden of proof rests with the Committee counsel to establish the facts alleged in each count of the Statement of Alleged Violation by clear and convincing evidence. A respondent is not required to present a case in his defense, and should [the respondent] chose not to present a case, the Subcommittee will not and may not draw a negative inference from that fact.

As members of the Adjudicatory Subcommittee, we are neither accusers nor are we defenders of our colleague…. Our job is to act impartially as finders of fact and law. Bogy faced an allegation of bribery and corruption in the election. Allison faced an allegation of bribery and corruption in management of Union Pacific Railroad and Credit Mobilier of America.

Bayard faced an allegation of bribery and corruption in management of Union Pacific Railroad and Credit Mobilier of America.

Boutwell faced an allegation of bribery and corruption in management of Union Pacific Railroad and Credit Mobilier of America. Colfax faced an allegation of bribery and corruption in management of Union Pacific Railroad and Credit Mobilier of America. Harlan faced an allegation of bribery and corruption in management of Union Pacific Railroad and Credit Mobilier of America. Logan faced an allegation of bribery and corruption in management of Union Pacific Railroad and Credit Mobilier of America.

Conkling faced an allegation of bribery and corruption in management of Union Pacific Railroad and Credit Mobilier of America. Wilson faced an allegation of bribery and corruption in management of Union Pacific Railroad and Credit Mobilier of America.

Patterson faced an allegation of corruption in Credit Mobilier stock share purchases. In , the Senate took no action due to expiration of Patterson's term. Pomeroy faced an allegation of bribery to secure votes for a Senate seat.

However, because the report came on the last day of his term, no further action was taken. Caldwell faced an allegation of bribery to secure votes for a Senate seat. Clayton faced an allegation of corruption while governor of Arkansas. Brooks faced an allegation of soliciting and accepting 50 shares of Credit Mobilier stock at undervalued price. Butler faced an allegation of accepting money for recommending appointment to military academy.

Deweese faced an allegation of accepting money for recommending appointment to military academy. Revels faced an allegation of, officially, not holding citizenship for the required nine years at the time of presenting his credentials to the Senate on February 23, in order to become the first black American to serve there. However, based on the racist arguments offered during debate on the issue, the allegation was actually that he was black. Whittemore faced an allegation of selling appointments to military academies.

Holbrook faced an allegation of accusing another member of lying during debate on February 4, Hunter faced an allegation of accusing another member of lying during debate on January 26, and on that day the House of Representatives censured him, Rousseau faced an allegation of assaulting Rep. Grinnell with a cane outside the Capitol for an alleged insult spoken in debate. Long faced an allegation of supporting recognition of the independence of the Confederacy in speech on floor of the House on April 8, and on the same day the House of Representatives censured him, Harris faced an allegation of encouraging the Confederacy on April 9, during House debate on resolution to expel Long.

Burnett faced an allegation of open rebellion against the government of the United States. Reid faced an allegation of taking up arms against the government of the United States. Clark faced an allegation of taking up arms against the government of the United States. Simmons faced an allegation of corruption. Stark faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union.

Bright faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union. Johnson faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union. Polk faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union. Powell faced an allegation of support for the Confederate rebellion.

Breckinridge faced an allegation of disloyalty to the union. Mason faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union. Hunter faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union.

Clingman faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union. Bragg faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union. Chesnut faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union. Nicholson faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union. Sebastian faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union. Mitchel faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union. Hemphill faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union. Wigfall faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union.

Clay faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union. Toombs faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union. Davis faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union. Brown faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union. Mallory faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union. Benjamin faced an allegation of disloyalty to the Union.

Rice faced an allegation of corruption prior to Senate term. Matteson faced an allegation of corruption during a preceding Congress. Cameron faced an allegation of election irregularities and electoral misconduct. Edwards faced an allegation of accepting money for supporting legislation. Gilbert faced an allegation of accepting money for supporting the Minnesota land bill.

Welch faced an allegation of accepting money for supporting the Minnesota land bill. Keitt faced an allegation of complicity in the assault on Sumner. Edmundson faced an allegation of complicity in assault on Sumner. Brooks faced an allegation of assaulting Sen. Sumner on the Senate floor after the Senate had adjourned for the day. Herbert faced an allegation of fatally shooting a hotel waiter who refused him after-hours breakfast service for which he was arrested on May 8, and imprisoned prior to trial.

Benton faced an allegation of breach of comity on April 17, for threatening Foote. Foote faced an allegation of breach of comity on April 17, when, feeling threatened by Benton, Foote started brandishing his pistol. Shields faced an allegation of not yet being a United States citizen. Clayton faced an allegation of disloyalty to the United States during negotiations on the boundary of Oregon Territory in newspaper articles.

Jarnagin faced an allegation of disloyalty to the United States during negotiations on the boundary of Oregon Territory in newspaper articles. Colquitt faced an allegation of disloyalty to the United States during negotiations on the boundary of Oregon Territory in newspaper articles. Tappan faced an allegation of violation of injunction of secrecy regarding President Tyler's terms for an agreement on the annexation of Texas.

Giddings faced an allegation of violating House "gag rule" on slavery discussions by introducing a series of resolutions defending a slave rebellion aboard the Creole, a ship that had sailed from Virginia carrying persons to be sold in New Orleans. Adams faced an allegation of breaching of privileges of the House by presenting a petition to the House from his constituents regarding dissolution of the Union on January 24, Duncan faced an allegation of violating privileges of the House by publishing remarks in a newspaper insulting to another member on February 19, Ruggles faced an allegation of corruption in using Senatorial influence to secure positive outcomes for a patent application.

Graves faced an allegation of breach of the privileges of the House because on February 24, he killed Jonathan Cilley in a duel over words spoken in debate while Wise acted as a second. Wise faced an allegation of breach of the privileges of the House because on February 24, Graves killed Jonathan Cilley in a duel over words spoken in debate while Wise acted as a second.

Adams faced an allegation of gross disrespect on February 6, because Adams violated the House "gag rule" on slavery discussions by requesting to present a petition to the House purported to be from slaves. Adams knew a censure resolution would require debate for a vote and thus would provide a way around the gag rule. Williams faced an allegation of insulting the chair of the Committee of the Whole during debate by yelling "I shall not take my seat.

You take yours! Poindexter faced an allegation of conspiracy to assassinate President Andrew Jackson. Adams faced an allegation of committing a breach of the rules of the House by refusing to vote on Stanbery censure after having his application to be excused from the vote rejected on July 11, Stanbery faced an allegation of insulting the Speaker during floor debate on July 9, by saying the House Speaker was too focused on trying to become Speaker.

Bateman faced an allegation of casting the deciding vote for himself in his election, which it was suggested was improper. Pickering faced an allegation of reading confidential documents in open Senate session on December 31, without realizing the injunction of secrecy had not been removed. Smith faced an allegation of involvement in Aaron Burr's plot to lead the western territories in rebellion. Lyon faced an allegation of violating Sedition Act on October 9, by accusing President John Adams of having a taste for excessive pomp, for which he was convicted and fined and served four months in prison while a member of the House.

In , he was re-elected after conviction and while still in jail. Blount committed disloyalty to the United States by attempting to start a war between the Creek, Cherokee, and Spain in order to transfer land to Great Britain. Lyon faced an allegation of spitting tobacco juice at Griswold on January 30, Marshall faced an allegation of misconduct prior to serving in the Senate. Follow govtrack.

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If you teach United States government and would like to speak with us about bringing legislative data into your classroom, please reach out! Toggle navigation Search GovTrack govtrack. What is the law? Legislator Misconduct Database This page lists instances of misconduct and alleged misconduct by Members of the United States Congress from to the present based on public reports of investigations and settlements, felony convictions, and official acts by Congress and more, see the sidebar. Some other investigations by a body of Congress and monetary settlements that involved alleged personal misconduct that we are aware of, e.

Resignations that we believe to be likely relevant to an allegation of misconduct, because Members of Congress often resign to head-off a Congressional investigation. Felony convictions and other cases of misconduct with national significance before and after the Member's time in Congress. Are They Guilty Investigations, settlements, and resignations do not imply guilt. Overview Types of misconduct and alleged misconduct over time.

Dan Crenshaw [R-TX2] ethics violation resolved. Tommy Tuberville [R-AL] ethics violation resolved. Russ Fulcher [R-ID1] other crimes unresolved. Andy Harris [R-MD1] other crimes unresolved. Pramila Jayapal [D-WA7] ethics violation resolved. Paul Gosar [R-AZ4] ethics violation resolved. Judy Chu [D-CA27] ethics violation resolved. Chris Collins [R-NY27, ] ethics violation pleaded in court resolved.

Madeleine Bordallo [D-GU0, ] ethics violation unresolved. John Conyers [D-MI13, ] ethics violation resignation resolved. Roger Williams [R-TX25] ethics violation resolved. Greg Gianforte [R-MT0, ] other crimes pleaded in court resolved.

Devin Nunes [R-CA22] ethics violation resolved. Alan Grayson [D-FL9, ] ethics violation resolved. Corrine Brown [D-FL5, ] other crimes conviction in court resolved. Ed Whitfield [R-KY1, ] ethics violation reprimand resolved.

Jared Polis [D-CO2, ] ethics violation resolved. Robert Pittenger [R-NC9, ] ethics violation resolved. Gregory Meeks [D-NY5] ethics violation resolved.

Ted Poe [R-TX2, ] ethics violation resolved. Jim Bridenstine [R-OK1, ] ethics violation resolved. Yvette Clarke [D-NY9] ethics violation resolved. Danny Davis [D-IL7] ethics violation resolved. Leonard Lance [R-NJ7, ] ethics violation resolved. Phil Gingrey [R-GA11, ] ethics violation reprimand resolved. Gwen Moore [D-WI4] ethics violation resolved.

Don Young [R-AK0] ethics violation reprimand resolved. Markwayne Mullin [R-OK2] ethics violation resolved. Trey Radel [R-FL19, ] other crimes resignation pleaded in court resolved. Peter Roskam [R-IL6, ] ethics violation resolved. William Owens [D-NY21, ] ethics violation resolved.

John Tierney [D-MA6, ] ethics violation resolved. Shelley Berkley [D-NV1, ] ethics violation resolved. Tim Ryan [D-OH13] ethics violation resolved. Maxine Waters [D-CA43] ethics violation resolved. Vern Buchanan [R-FL16] ethics violation resolved. Thomas Coburn [R-OK, ] ethics violation reprimand resolved. David Vitter [R-LA, ] ethics violation resolved. Jean Schmidt [R-OH2, ] ethics violation resolved. John Ensign [R-NV, ] ethics violation resignation resolved.

Alcee Hastings [D-FL20, ] ethics violation resolved. Solomon Ortiz [D-TX27, ] ethics violation resolved. Joe Wilson [R-SC2] ethics violation resolved. Robert Aderholt [R-AL4] ethics violation resolved. Eliot Engel [D-NY16, ] ethics violation resolved. Laura Richardson [D-CA37, ] ethics violation resolved.

Nathan Deal [R-GA9, ] ethics violation resignation resolved. Donna Christensen [D-VI0, ] ethics violation resolved. Carolyn Kilpatrick [D-MI13, ] ethics violation resolved. Donald Payne [D-NJ10, ] ethics violation resolved. Bennie Thompson [D-MS2] ethics violation resolved. Sam Graves [R-MO6] ethics violation resolved. Kent Conrad [D-ND, ] ethics violation resolved. Christopher Dodd [D-CT, ] ethics violation resolved. Rick Renzi [R-AZ1, ] other crimes conviction in court resolved.

David Vitter [R-LA, ] other crimes resolved. Pete Domenici [R-NM, ] ethics violation reprimand resolved. Ted Stevens [R-AK, ] other crimes conviction in court resolved. Chris Bell [D-TX25, ] ethics violation resolved. Candice Miller [R-MI10, ] ethics violation resolved.

Nick Smith [R-MI7, ] ethics violation resolved. Robert Torricelli [D-NJ, ] ethics violation reprimand resolved. Corrine Brown [D-FL5, ] ethics violation resolved. Wes Cooley [R-OR2, ] other crimes conviction in court resolved. Newton Gingrich [R-GA6, ] ethics violation reprimand resolved. Newton Gingrich [R-GA6, ] ethics violation resolved. Gerald Solomon [R-NY22, ] ethics violation resolved. David Bonior [D-MI10, ] ethics violation resolved. Robert Torricelli [D-NJ, ] ethics violation resolved.

Richard Zimmer [R-NJ12, ] ethics violation resolved. Richard Armey [R-TX26, ] ethics violation resolved. David Durenberger [R-MN, ] ethics violation pleaded in court resolved. Joseph Kolter [D-PA4, ] other crimes pleaded in court resolved. Walter Fauntroy [D-DC0, ] other crimes pleaded in court resolved. Nicholas Mavroules [D-MA6, ] ethics violation pleaded in court resolved. Carl Perkins [D-KY7, ] other crimes pleaded in court resolved.

Mary Oakar [D-OH20, ] other crimes pleaded in court resolved. Royden Dyson [D-MD1, ] ethics violation resolved. Gerald Sikorski [D-MN6, ] ethics violation resolved. Alan Cranston [D-CA, ] ethics violation resolved. Donald Riegle [D-MI, ] ethics violation resolved. John Glenn [D-OH, ] ethics violation resolved. David Durenberger [R-MN, ] ethics violation censure resolved. Patrick Swindall [R-GA4, ] other crimes conviction in court resolved.

Barney Frank [D-MA4, ] other crimes ethics violation reprimand resolved. Austin Murphy [D-PA20, ] ethics violation reprimand resolved. Fernand St. Germain [D-RI1, ] ethics violation resolved. Mary Oakar [D-OH20, ] ethics violation resolved. Geraldine Ferraro [D-NY9, ] ethics violation resolved. George Hansen [R-ID2, ] other crimes ethics violation reprimand resolved. Charles Wilson [D-TX2, ] other crimes resolved. Ronald Dellums [D-CA9, ] other crimes resolved.

Frederick Richmond [D-NY14, ] other crimes resignation resolved. Jon Hinson [R-MS4, ] other crimes resignation pleaded in court resolved. Herman Talmadge [D-GA, ] ethics violation censure resolved. Charles Diggs [D-MI13, ] ethics violation censure resignation conviction in court resolved. Joshua Eilberg [D-PA4, ] ethics violation resolved. Charles Wilson [D-CA31, ] ethics violation reprimand resolved. Wayne Hays [D-OH18, ] ethics violation resignation resolved. Herbert Burke [R-FL12, ] ethics violation pleaded in court resolved.

Robert Sikes [D-FL1, ] ethics violation reprimand resolved. Michael Harrington [D-MA6, ] ethics violation resolved. Cornelius Gallagher [D-NJ13, ] other crimes pleaded in court resolved. John Whalley [R-PA12, ] other crimes resignation pleaded in court resolved.

Adam Powell [D-NY18, ] other crimes ethics violation resolved. Thomas Lane [D-MA7, ] other crimes conviction in court resolved. Ernest Bramblett [R-CA13, ] other crimes conviction in court resolved. John Thomas [R-NJ7, ] other crimes resignation pleaded in court resolved. Hiram Bingham [R-CT, ] ethics violation censure resolved. John Langley [R-KY-1, ] other crimes resignation conviction in court resolved.

Burton Wheeler [D-MT, ] ethics violation resolved. Thomas Blanton [D-TX17, ] ethics violation censure resolved. Henry Cassel [R-PA9, ] other crimes conviction in court resolved.

George Lilley [R-CT-1, ] ethics violation resolved. Reed Smoot [R-UT, ] ethics violation resolved. John Mitchell [R-OR, ] other crimes conviction in court resolved. Joseph Burton [R-KS, ] ethics violation resignation conviction in court resolved. Benjamin Tillman [D-SC, ] ethics violation censure resolved.

William Roach [D-ND, ] other crimes resolved. William Bynum [D-IN7, ] ethics violation censure resolved. James Blaine [R-ME, ] other crimes resignation resolved. John Brown [D-KY2, ] ethics violation censure resolved.

Edward Holbrook [D-ID-1, ] ethics violation censure resolved. Fernando Wood [D-NY-1, ] ethics violation censure resolved. John Hunter [D-NY3, ] ethics violation censure resolved.

Lovell Rousseau [U-KY5, ] other crimes censure resignation resolved. John Chanler [D-NY7, ] ethics violation censure resolved. Alexander Long [D-OH2, ] ethics violation censure resolved.

Benjamin Harris [D-MD5, ] ethics violation censure resolved. Henry Burnett [D-KY1, ] other crimes expulsion resolved. John Reid [D-MO5, ] other crimes expulsion resolved. John Clark [D-MO3, ] other crimes expulsion resolved.

Benjamin Stark [D-OR, ] other crimes resolved. Jesse Bright [D-IN, ] other crimes expulsion resolved. Waldo Johnson [D-MO, ] other crimes expulsion resolved. Trusten Polk [D-MO, ] other crimes expulsion resolved. Lazarus Powell [D-KY, ] other crimes resolved. John Breckinridge [D-KY, ] other crimes expulsion resolved. James Mason [D-VA, ] other crimes expulsion resolved. Robert Hunter [D-VA, ] other crimes expulsion resolved.

Thomas Clingman [D-NC, ] other crimes expulsion resolved. Thomas Bragg [D-NC, ] other crimes expulsion resolved. James Chesnut [D-SC, ] other crimes expulsion resolved. Alfred Nicholson [D-TN, ] other crimes expulsion resolved. William Sebastian [D-AR, ] other crimes expulsion resolved. Charles Mitchel [D-AR, ] other crimes expulsion resolved. John Hemphill [D-TX, ] other crimes expulsion resolved. Louis Wigfall [D-TX, ] other crimes expulsion resolved.

Clement Clay [D-AL, ] other crimes resolved. Robert Toombs [D-GA, ] other crimes resolved. Jefferson Davis [D-MS, ] other crimes resolved. Albert Brown [D-MS, ] other crimes resolved. Stephen Mallory [D-FL, ] other crimes resolved.

Judah Benjamin [D-LA, ] other crimes resolved. Laurence Keitt [D-SC3, ] other crimes censure resignation resolved. Henry Edmundson [D-VA12, ] other crimes resolved. Preston Brooks [D-SC-1, ] other crimes resignation resolved. Philemon Herbert [D-CA-1, ] other crimes resolved.

Thomas Benton [D-MO1, ] ethics violation resolved. Henry Foote [D-MS, ] ethics violation resolved. John Clayton [I-DE, ] other crimes resolved.

Spencer Jarnagin [W-TN, ] other crimes resolved. Walter Colquitt [D-GA, ] other crimes resolved. Benjamin Tappan [D-OH, ] ethics violation censure resolved. Joshua Giddings [R-OH20, ] ethics violation censure resignation resolved. John Adams [W-MA8, ] ethics violation resolved.

Alexander Duncan [D-OH1, ] ethics violation resolved. William Graves [W-KY8, ] other crimes resolved. Henry Wise [D-VA7, ] other crimes resolved. Sherrod Williams [W-KY4, ] ethics violation resolved. George Poindexter [J-MS, ] other crimes resolved. William Stanbery [A-OH8, ] ethics violation censure resolved. Ephraim Bateman [A-NJ, ] ethics violation resolved.

Timothy Pickering [F-MA2, ] ethics violation censure resolved. John Smith [R-OH, ] other crimes resignation resolved. Matthew Lyon [R-KY1, ] other crimes conviction in court resolved. William Blount [R-TN, ] other crimes expulsion resolved. Roger Griswold [F-CT-1, ] ethics violation resolved. Matthew Lyon [R-KY1, ] ethics violation resolved. Humphrey Marshall [F-KY, ] ethics violation resolved. Continue to Site. Other We hope to make GovTrack more useful to policy professionals like you.

Email address where we can reach you:. Thank you for joining the GovTrack Advisory Community! Next ». Email Us Continue to site ». House Committee on Ethics reported that Greene had been fined three additional times by the Sergeant at Arms.

House Committee on Ethics reported that Clyde had been fined three additional times by the Sergeant at Arms. House Committee on Ethics reported that the Committee agreed to Crenshaw's appeal. Fortenberry released a video in which he said he expected to be indicted on lying to the FBI. Department of Justice indicted on three counts - one of scheming to falsify and conceal material facts and two of making false statements to federal investigators.

House Committee on Ethics announced that Greene had not appealed the fine. House Committee on Ethics announced that Roy had not appealed the fine. Miller appealed the fine. House Committee on Ethics announced that Miller had appealed the fine, but the appeal was rejected.

House Committee on Ethics reported the arrest and that a fine was paid, and closed the investigation. House Sergeant at Arms fined Rep. House Committee on Ethics announced the fine. House Committee on Ethics agreed to the appeal. House Committee on Ethics extended its investigation. Roll Call reported the nature of the investigation.

House Committee on Ethics reported the arrest and that he paid the fine, and closed the investigation. House Committee on Ethics reported the arrest and that she paid a fine, and closed the investigation. Paid a fine. CNBC reported the accusation. Greene appealed the fine. House Committee on Ethics rejected Greene's appeal.

Norman appealed the fine. House Committee on Ethics rejected Norman's appeal. Massie appealed the fine.